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Pediatric ECT: A (By No Means Inclusive) Bibliography
Baeza, I. & Flamarique, I. et al. (2010). Clinical experience using electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 20, 205-9.
Bailine, S.H. & Petraviciute, S. (2007). Catatonia in autistic twins: role of electroconvulsive therapy. The Journal of ECT, 23, 21-22.
Bertagnoli, M.W. & Borchardt, C.M. A review of ECT for children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 302-7.
Black, D., Wilcox J. & Stewart M. (1985). The use of ECT in children: case report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 46, 98-99.
Bloch, Y. & Lecovitch, Y. (2001). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: similarities to and differences from adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1332-36.
Carr, V. & Dorrington, C. et al (1983). The use of ECT for mania in childhood bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 411-415.
Chung, A. & Varghese, J. (2008). Treatment of catatonia with electroconvulsive therapy in an 11-year-old girl. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 251-253.
Cizadlo, B. & Wheaton, A. (1995). Case study: ECT treatment of a young girl with catatonia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 332-335.
Clardy, E.R. & Rumpf, E.M. (1954). The effect of electric shock treatment on children having schizophrenic manifestations. Psychiatric Quarterly, 28, 616-23.
Cohen, D. & Flament, M. et al. (2000). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescence. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, 1-6.
Cohen, D. & Paillere-Martinot, M.L. et al. (1997). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Convulsive Therapy, 13, 25-31.
Cohen, D., & Taieb, O. et al (2000). Absence of cognitive impairment at long-term follow-up in adolescents treated with ECT for severe mood disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 460-462.
Consoli, A. & Benmiloud, M. et al. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with the catatonia syndrome: Efficacy and Ethics. Journal of ECT, 26, 259-65.
Consoli, A. & Boulicot, V. et al. (2009). Moderate clinical improvement with maintenance ECT in a 17-year-old boy with intractable catatonic schizophrenia. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 18, 250-54.
Consoli, A. & Cohen, J. et al. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with intellectual disability and severe self-injurious behavior and aggression: a retrospective study. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 55-62.
De la Serna, E. & Flamarique, I. et al. (2011). Two-year follow-up of cognitive functions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders of adolescent patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 21, 611-19.
Dhossche, D.M. & Reti, I. et al. (2010). Tics as signs of catatonia: ECT response in two adolescents. Journal of ECT, 26, 266-69.
Dhossche, D.M. & Shettar, S.M. et al. (2009). Electroconvulsive therapy for malignant catatonia in adolescence. Southern Medical Journal, 102, 1170-1172.
Dhossche, D.M. & van der Steen, L.F. et al. (2015). Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: review and case-report. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie, 57, 89-93.
Dhossche, D.M. & Wing, L. et al (2006). Catatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders. International Review of Neurobiology, 72.
Esmali, T. & Malek, A. (2007). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a six-year-old girl suffering from major depressive disorder with catatonic features. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 58-60.
Fink, M. (ed) Electroshock: Restoring the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Fink, M. & Carlson, G.A. (1995). ECT and prepubertal children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1256-57.
Fink, M. & Coffee, C.E. Electroconvulsive therapy in pediatric neuropsychiatry. In: Coffee, C.E. & Brumback, R.A., eds. Textbook of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry (1988). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1389-408.
Friedlander, R.I. & Solomons, K. (2002). ECT: use in individuals with mental retardation. Journal of ECT, 18, 38-42.
Ghaziuddin, N. et al. (2002). ECT treatment of malignant catatonia/NMS in an adolescent: a useful lesson in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Journal of ECT, 18, 95-98.
Ghaziuddin, N. & De-Quardo, J.R. (1999). Electroconvulsive therapy of a bipolar adolescent post-craniotomy for brain stem astrocytoma. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 9, 63-69.
Ghaziuddin, N. & Dumas, S. et al. (2011). Use of continuation or maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with severe treatment-resistant depression. Journal of ECT, 27, 168-74.
Ghaziuddin, N. & King, C.A. et al. (1996). Electroconvulsive treatment in adolescents with pharmacotherapy-refractory depression. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 6, 259-271.
Ghaziuddin, N. & Kutcher, S.P. et al. (2004). Practice parameter for use of electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1521-39.
Ghaziuddin, N., Laughrin, D. & Giordani, B. (2000). Cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 10, 269-276.
Ghaziuddin, N. & Nassir A. et al (2015). Catatonia in Down syndrome: a treatable cause of regression. Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 941-9.
Ghaziuddin, N & Walter, G, eds. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.
Griesemer, D.A. & Kellner, C.H. et al. (1997) Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment of intractable seizures. Initial Findings in Two Children. Neurology, 49, 1389-92.
Grover, S. & Kate, N. et al. (2014). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent patient with catatonia. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 36, 195-7.
Grover, S. & Malhotra, S. et al. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: a retrospective study from north India. Journal of ECT, 29, 122-6.
Gurevitz, S & Helme, W.H. (1954). Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on personality and intellectual functioning of the schizophrenic child. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 120, 213-26.
Guttmacher, L.B. & Cretella, H. (1988). Electroconvulsive therapy in one child and three adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 49, 20-23.
Haq, A.U. & Ghaziuddin, N. (2014). Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy for aggression and self-injurious behavior in two adolescents with autism and catatonia. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 26, 64-72.
Jacob, P. & Gogi, P.K. et al. (2014). Review of electroconvulsive therapy practice from a tertiary Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Centre. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 12, 95-9.
Jap, S.N. & Ghaziuddin, N. (2011). Catatonia among adolescents with Down syndrome: a review and 2 case reports. Journal of ECT, 27, 334-37.
Hegeman, J.M. et al. (2008). The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. A retrospective study. Tijdschr Psychiatrie, 50, 23-31.
Kutcher, S. & Robertson, H. (1995). Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar youth. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 5, 167-175.
Lee, A. & Glick, D. et al. (2006). Electroconvulsive therapy in a pediatric patient with malignant catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Journal of ECT, 22, 267-70.
Lima, N. & Nascimento, V.B. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry, 12, 1-8.
Mohapatra, S. & Rath, N. (2015). Electroconvulsive therapy in a child suffering from acute and transient psychotic disorder with catatonic features. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37, 465-6.
Moise, F.N. & Petrides, G. (1996). Case study: electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 312-18.
Paillere-Martinot, M.L. & Zivi, A. et al. (1990). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescence. Encephale, 16, 399.
Puffer, C.C. & Wall, C.A. et al. (2016). A 20 year practice review of electroconvulsive therapy for adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, epub ahead of print.
Rey, J.M. & Walter, G. (1997). Half a century of ECT use in young people. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 595-602.
Rhoads, J.C. et al. (2010). The successful use of right unilateral ultra-brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with catatonia. Brain Stimulation, 3, 51-53.
Rudnick, A. (2001). Ethics of ECT for children (letter). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 387-388.
Russell, P. & Tharyan, P. (2002). Electroconvulsive therapy in a pre-pubertal child with severe depression. Postgraduate Medicine, 48, 290-291.
Saith, G.G. et al. (2017). Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intractable Challenging Beahviors Associated with Symptoms of Cataonia. Journal of ECT, 33, 63-67.
Schneekloth, T.D., Rummans, T.A. & Logan, K.M. (1993). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Convulsive Therapy, 9, 158-166.
Segal, J. & Szabo, C.P. (2004). Child and adolescent electroconvulsive therapy: a case report. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 5, 221-29.
Shin, H.W. & O’Donovan, C.A. et al. (2011). Successful ECT treatment for medically refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus in pediatric patient. Seizure, 20, 433-36.
Shoirah, H. & Hamoda, H. (2011). Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11, 127-37.
Siegel, M. & Milligan, B. et al. (2012). Electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with autism and bipolar I disorder. Journal of ECT, 28, 252-55.
Slooter, A. & Braun, K. et al. (2005). Electroconvulsive therapy of malignant catatonia in childhood. Pediatric Neurology, 32, 190-92.
Stein, D. & Kurtsman, L. et al. (2004). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatients – a retrospective chart design. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 335-42.
Strober, M. & Rao, U. et al (1998). Effects of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with severe endogenous depression resistant to pharmacotherapy. Biological Psychiatry, 43, 335-338.
Suzuki, K. & Awata, S. et al (2006). Improvement of psychiatric symptoms after electroconvulsive therapy in young adults with intractable first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 210, 213-220.
Taieb, O. & Cohen, D. et al. (2000). Adolescents’ experiences with ECT. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 943-44.
Taieb, O. & Flament, M.F. et al (2002). Clinical relevance of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with severe mood disorder: evidence from a follow-up study. European Psychiatry, 17, 206-12.
Tanidir, C. & Aksoy S. et al (2016). Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with psychosis. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26, 179-80.
Thuppal, M. & Fink, M. (1999). Electroconvulsive therapy and mental retardation. Journal of ECT, 15, 140-49.
Wachtel, L.E. & Contrucci-Kuhn, S.A. (2009). ECT for self-injury in an autistic boy. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 18, 458-63.
Wachtel, L.E. & Crawford, T. et al. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy for pediatric malignant catatonia with cerebellar dysgenesis. Pediatric Neurology, 43, 427-30.
Wachtel, L.E. & Dhossche, D.M. et al. (2012). Stability of intellectual functioning during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy. Pediatric Neurology, 47-219-21.
Wachtel, L.E., Dhossche, D.M. & Kellner, C.H. (2011). When is electroconvulsive therapy appropriate for children and adolescents? Medical Hypotheses, 76, 395-399.
Wachtel, L.E., Dhossche, D.M. & Fink, M. (2013). ECT for developmental disability and severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1498-9.
Wachtel, L.E. & Griffin, M.M. et al. (2010). Brief report: electroconvulsive therapy for malignant catatonia in an autistic adolescent. Autism, 14, 349-58.
Wachtel, L.E., Kahng, S. & Dhossche, D.M. (2008). ECT for catatonia in an autistic girl. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 329-333.
Wachtel, L.E. & Kellner, C.H. (2018). ECT for self-injurious behavior in autism: A new indication. Psychiatric Times, 35, http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/electroconvulsive-therapy/ect-self-injurious-behavior-autism-new-indication.
Wachtel, L.E. and Schult, S. et al. (2013). The potential role of electroconvulsive therapy in the ‘Iron Triangle’ of pediatric catatonia, autism, and psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 128, 408-9.
Wachtel, L.E., Jaffe, R. & Kellner, C.H. (2011). Electroconvulsive therapy for psychotropic-refractory bipolar affective disorder and severe self-injury and aggression in an 11-Year-Old autistic boy. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 147-152.
Walter, G., & Koster, K. et al. (1999). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: experience, knowledge, and attitudes of recipients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 594-9.
Walter, G., & Koster, K. et al (1999). Views about treatment among parents of adolescents who received electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatric Services, 50, 701-02.
Walter, G. & Rey, J.M. (1997). An epidemiological study of the use of ECT in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 809-15.
Walter, G. & Rey, J.M., et al. (1999). Practitioner review: electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 325-34.
Willoughby, C.L. & Hradek, E.A. et al. (1997) Use of electroconvulsive therapy with children: an overview and case report. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing [Case Reports Review], 10, 11-17.
Zaw, F.K. (2006) ECT and the youth. International Review of Neurobiology, 72, 207-31.
Zaw, F.K. & Bates, G.D. et al (1999). Catatonia, autism, and ECT. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 41, 843-845.
Zhand, N., Courtney D. et al (2015). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with treatment-resistant depressive disorders. a case series. Journal of ECT, epub ahead of print March 31.
Zhang, Z.J. et al. (2012). Electroconvulsive therapy improves antipsychotic and somnographic responses in adolescents with first-episode psychosis: a case-control study. Schizophrenia Research, 137, 97-103.
Bailine, S.H. & Petraviciute, S. (2007). Catatonia in autistic twins: role of electroconvulsive therapy. The Journal of ECT, 23, 21-22.
Bertagnoli, M.W. & Borchardt, C.M. A review of ECT for children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 302-7.
Black, D., Wilcox J. & Stewart M. (1985). The use of ECT in children: case report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 46, 98-99.
Bloch, Y. & Lecovitch, Y. (2001). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: similarities to and differences from adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1332-36.
Carr, V. & Dorrington, C. et al (1983). The use of ECT for mania in childhood bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 411-415.
Chung, A. & Varghese, J. (2008). Treatment of catatonia with electroconvulsive therapy in an 11-year-old girl. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 251-253.
Cizadlo, B. & Wheaton, A. (1995). Case study: ECT treatment of a young girl with catatonia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 332-335.
Clardy, E.R. & Rumpf, E.M. (1954). The effect of electric shock treatment on children having schizophrenic manifestations. Psychiatric Quarterly, 28, 616-23.
Cohen, D. & Flament, M. et al. (2000). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescence. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, 1-6.
Cohen, D. & Paillere-Martinot, M.L. et al. (1997). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Convulsive Therapy, 13, 25-31.
Cohen, D., & Taieb, O. et al (2000). Absence of cognitive impairment at long-term follow-up in adolescents treated with ECT for severe mood disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 460-462.
Consoli, A. & Benmiloud, M. et al. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with the catatonia syndrome: Efficacy and Ethics. Journal of ECT, 26, 259-65.
Consoli, A. & Boulicot, V. et al. (2009). Moderate clinical improvement with maintenance ECT in a 17-year-old boy with intractable catatonic schizophrenia. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 18, 250-54.
Consoli, A. & Cohen, J. et al. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with intellectual disability and severe self-injurious behavior and aggression: a retrospective study. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 55-62.
De la Serna, E. & Flamarique, I. et al. (2011). Two-year follow-up of cognitive functions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders of adolescent patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 21, 611-19.
Dhossche, D.M. & Reti, I. et al. (2010). Tics as signs of catatonia: ECT response in two adolescents. Journal of ECT, 26, 266-69.
Dhossche, D.M. & Shettar, S.M. et al. (2009). Electroconvulsive therapy for malignant catatonia in adolescence. Southern Medical Journal, 102, 1170-1172.
Dhossche, D.M. & van der Steen, L.F. et al. (2015). Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: review and case-report. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie, 57, 89-93.
Dhossche, D.M. & Wing, L. et al (2006). Catatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders. International Review of Neurobiology, 72.
Esmali, T. & Malek, A. (2007). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a six-year-old girl suffering from major depressive disorder with catatonic features. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 58-60.
Fink, M. (ed) Electroshock: Restoring the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Fink, M. & Carlson, G.A. (1995). ECT and prepubertal children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1256-57.
Fink, M. & Coffee, C.E. Electroconvulsive therapy in pediatric neuropsychiatry. In: Coffee, C.E. & Brumback, R.A., eds. Textbook of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry (1988). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1389-408.
Friedlander, R.I. & Solomons, K. (2002). ECT: use in individuals with mental retardation. Journal of ECT, 18, 38-42.
Ghaziuddin, N. et al. (2002). ECT treatment of malignant catatonia/NMS in an adolescent: a useful lesson in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Journal of ECT, 18, 95-98.
Ghaziuddin, N. & De-Quardo, J.R. (1999). Electroconvulsive therapy of a bipolar adolescent post-craniotomy for brain stem astrocytoma. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 9, 63-69.
Ghaziuddin, N. & Dumas, S. et al. (2011). Use of continuation or maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with severe treatment-resistant depression. Journal of ECT, 27, 168-74.
Ghaziuddin, N. & King, C.A. et al. (1996). Electroconvulsive treatment in adolescents with pharmacotherapy-refractory depression. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 6, 259-271.
Ghaziuddin, N. & Kutcher, S.P. et al. (2004). Practice parameter for use of electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1521-39.
Ghaziuddin, N., Laughrin, D. & Giordani, B. (2000). Cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 10, 269-276.
Ghaziuddin, N. & Nassir A. et al (2015). Catatonia in Down syndrome: a treatable cause of regression. Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 941-9.
Ghaziuddin, N & Walter, G, eds. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.
Griesemer, D.A. & Kellner, C.H. et al. (1997) Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment of intractable seizures. Initial Findings in Two Children. Neurology, 49, 1389-92.
Grover, S. & Kate, N. et al. (2014). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent patient with catatonia. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 36, 195-7.
Grover, S. & Malhotra, S. et al. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: a retrospective study from north India. Journal of ECT, 29, 122-6.
Gurevitz, S & Helme, W.H. (1954). Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on personality and intellectual functioning of the schizophrenic child. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 120, 213-26.
Guttmacher, L.B. & Cretella, H. (1988). Electroconvulsive therapy in one child and three adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 49, 20-23.
Haq, A.U. & Ghaziuddin, N. (2014). Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy for aggression and self-injurious behavior in two adolescents with autism and catatonia. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 26, 64-72.
Jacob, P. & Gogi, P.K. et al. (2014). Review of electroconvulsive therapy practice from a tertiary Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Centre. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 12, 95-9.
Jap, S.N. & Ghaziuddin, N. (2011). Catatonia among adolescents with Down syndrome: a review and 2 case reports. Journal of ECT, 27, 334-37.
Hegeman, J.M. et al. (2008). The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. A retrospective study. Tijdschr Psychiatrie, 50, 23-31.
Kutcher, S. & Robertson, H. (1995). Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar youth. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 5, 167-175.
Lee, A. & Glick, D. et al. (2006). Electroconvulsive therapy in a pediatric patient with malignant catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Journal of ECT, 22, 267-70.
Lima, N. & Nascimento, V.B. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry, 12, 1-8.
Mohapatra, S. & Rath, N. (2015). Electroconvulsive therapy in a child suffering from acute and transient psychotic disorder with catatonic features. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37, 465-6.
Moise, F.N. & Petrides, G. (1996). Case study: electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 312-18.
Paillere-Martinot, M.L. & Zivi, A. et al. (1990). Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescence. Encephale, 16, 399.
Puffer, C.C. & Wall, C.A. et al. (2016). A 20 year practice review of electroconvulsive therapy for adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, epub ahead of print.
Rey, J.M. & Walter, G. (1997). Half a century of ECT use in young people. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 595-602.
Rhoads, J.C. et al. (2010). The successful use of right unilateral ultra-brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with catatonia. Brain Stimulation, 3, 51-53.
Rudnick, A. (2001). Ethics of ECT for children (letter). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 387-388.
Russell, P. & Tharyan, P. (2002). Electroconvulsive therapy in a pre-pubertal child with severe depression. Postgraduate Medicine, 48, 290-291.
Saith, G.G. et al. (2017). Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intractable Challenging Beahviors Associated with Symptoms of Cataonia. Journal of ECT, 33, 63-67.
Schneekloth, T.D., Rummans, T.A. & Logan, K.M. (1993). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Convulsive Therapy, 9, 158-166.
Segal, J. & Szabo, C.P. (2004). Child and adolescent electroconvulsive therapy: a case report. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 5, 221-29.
Shin, H.W. & O’Donovan, C.A. et al. (2011). Successful ECT treatment for medically refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus in pediatric patient. Seizure, 20, 433-36.
Shoirah, H. & Hamoda, H. (2011). Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11, 127-37.
Siegel, M. & Milligan, B. et al. (2012). Electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with autism and bipolar I disorder. Journal of ECT, 28, 252-55.
Slooter, A. & Braun, K. et al. (2005). Electroconvulsive therapy of malignant catatonia in childhood. Pediatric Neurology, 32, 190-92.
Stein, D. & Kurtsman, L. et al. (2004). Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatients – a retrospective chart design. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 335-42.
Strober, M. & Rao, U. et al (1998). Effects of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with severe endogenous depression resistant to pharmacotherapy. Biological Psychiatry, 43, 335-338.
Suzuki, K. & Awata, S. et al (2006). Improvement of psychiatric symptoms after electroconvulsive therapy in young adults with intractable first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 210, 213-220.
Taieb, O. & Cohen, D. et al. (2000). Adolescents’ experiences with ECT. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 943-44.
Taieb, O. & Flament, M.F. et al (2002). Clinical relevance of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with severe mood disorder: evidence from a follow-up study. European Psychiatry, 17, 206-12.
Tanidir, C. & Aksoy S. et al (2016). Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with psychosis. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26, 179-80.
Thuppal, M. & Fink, M. (1999). Electroconvulsive therapy and mental retardation. Journal of ECT, 15, 140-49.
Wachtel, L.E. & Contrucci-Kuhn, S.A. (2009). ECT for self-injury in an autistic boy. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 18, 458-63.
Wachtel, L.E. & Crawford, T. et al. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy for pediatric malignant catatonia with cerebellar dysgenesis. Pediatric Neurology, 43, 427-30.
Wachtel, L.E. & Dhossche, D.M. et al. (2012). Stability of intellectual functioning during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy. Pediatric Neurology, 47-219-21.
Wachtel, L.E., Dhossche, D.M. & Kellner, C.H. (2011). When is electroconvulsive therapy appropriate for children and adolescents? Medical Hypotheses, 76, 395-399.
Wachtel, L.E., Dhossche, D.M. & Fink, M. (2013). ECT for developmental disability and severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1498-9.
Wachtel, L.E. & Griffin, M.M. et al. (2010). Brief report: electroconvulsive therapy for malignant catatonia in an autistic adolescent. Autism, 14, 349-58.
Wachtel, L.E., Kahng, S. & Dhossche, D.M. (2008). ECT for catatonia in an autistic girl. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 329-333.
Wachtel, L.E. & Kellner, C.H. (2018). ECT for self-injurious behavior in autism: A new indication. Psychiatric Times, 35, http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/electroconvulsive-therapy/ect-self-injurious-behavior-autism-new-indication.
Wachtel, L.E. and Schult, S. et al. (2013). The potential role of electroconvulsive therapy in the ‘Iron Triangle’ of pediatric catatonia, autism, and psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 128, 408-9.
Wachtel, L.E., Jaffe, R. & Kellner, C.H. (2011). Electroconvulsive therapy for psychotropic-refractory bipolar affective disorder and severe self-injury and aggression in an 11-Year-Old autistic boy. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 147-152.
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